The destruction level would be approximately the same unless the target is heavily armoured.
The difference between the MK 108 cartridge (30x98RB) and the MK 103 one (30x184B) is the propellant, the projectile itself is the same.
Due to the faster muzzle velocity, the armor piercing capabilities of the MK 103 are therefor adequally greater (as is the range, and the trajectory benefits a lot from that), but the damage caused by the "Minengeschoß" once the target has been penetrated is the same (*).
Similar goes for the MK 101 which uses the same cartridge like the MK 103, and despite initial development purpose of it's successors the MK 101 still has the highest muzzle velocity of this "team of three", hence the biggest armor piercing capability but the same damage (*) caused on penetrated targets.
*= The damage varies a little due to kinetic energy differences, but that's negligible compared to the HE load of the "Minengeschoß".
Best regards - Mike